Iran Nuclear Agreement

Iran Nuclear Agreement

The Iran nuclear agreement was a major victory for national and global security. Negotiated by the US and other world powers, the agreement stopped an Iranian bomb from being developed without starting a new war in the Middle East. Civil society played a critical role in this historic victory. 

President Trump has violated the agreement, but the fight isn’t over. The landmark 2015 agreement remains fragile even though it’s working, keeping both US troops and the world safer. As former Secretary of State John Kerry warned, the re-imposition of sanctions could cause the landmark accord to unravel. In the face of these challenges, Ploughshares Fund and its grantees are working harder than ever to protect this important accord from those who seek to undermine it.

Latest News and Analysis on the Ongoing Struggle to Defend the Iran Nuclear Agreement

What Ploughshares Funds

What Ploughshares Funds

“Ploughshares Fund helps make the world more safe and secure.”
It’s a simple sentence, but it’s supported by complex work.

How do we do it? By funding organizations and people who promote the elimination of nuclear weapons, prevent the emergence of new nuclear states, and build regional peace.

Promote the Reduction and Eventual Elimination of Nuclear Weapons. We’re building the common understanding among world leaders that nuclear weapons are unacceptable. We help leaders take concrete steps to reduce current arsenals and limit future ones, all to achieve a planet where nuclear weapons can never be used again.

Prevent the Emergence of New Nuclear States. Iran and North Korea have been the biggest threats to containing nuclear weapons. The lasting solution will not be a military one. Diplomacy and engagement—always grounded in data and strategic analysis—can solve these problems. It takes hard work and intelligence, both of which require funding.

Build Regional Peace and Security. Longstanding and unresolved tensions between nuclear-armed India and Pakistan make South Asia one of the most dangerous places on earth. Our partners work to transform the region with fact-finding missions, on-the-ground analysis, high-level dialogue, confidence-building measures, and more.

Our World is Safer When We Include All Voices.

In pursuit of a world where all can live free from the threat of nuclear weapons, we must take an approach that puts people at the center of policy. It’s imperative we harness the insight and experience the entire field has to offer and work toward greater inclusivity and representation. Ploughshares Fund is committed to supporting women-led organizations and projects in its funding priorities and opening the field to and amplifying diverse voices working on these issues.

You Play a Role.

We help regular people—you, your parents, your neighbors, your coworkers—understand that the nuclear threat is not over. You can help eliminate nuclear weapons by supporting Ploughshares Fund today. Make a donation. Share on social channels. Talk with friends. Together, we can make the world safer and more secure.

Apply for a Grant:

Ploughshares Fund is looking for the smartest minds and organizations to partner with. Contact us to inquire about current grant opportunities, or apply for a grant.

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons

The International Humanitarian Movement for Nuclear Disarmament

The tides are turning. On July 7, 2017, the U.N. adopted the first-ever treaty imposing a comprehensive prohibition against nuclear weapons; more than 120 nations were in support. Inspired by past efforts that led to bans on land mines and cluster bombs, the treaty—negotiated without the nine nuclear-armed countries—reframes nuclear disarmament as a global health imperative and provides a vision for a nuclear weapons-free world.

The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) mobilized civil society across more than 100 countries to create the political momentum at the U.N. to achieve the treaty. ICAN won the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize for raising awareness on the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons. PSR’s global affiliate, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), founded ICAN in 2007. PSR is a proud US-partner of ICAN.

About the Nuclear Weapons Ban Treaty

On July 7, 2017, the U.N. adopted the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), which comprehensively prohibits nuclear weapons and related activities. The medical community’s advocacy and research helped civil society and the international community devise public health solutions to the threat of nuclear weapons.

Why is a ban on nuclear weapons necessary?

The 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty requires nuclear-armed countries party to the treaty to negotiate nuclear disarmament. However, all nine nuclear-armed countries are working to significantly upgrade and expand their nuclear arsenals. A twenty-first-century nuclear arms race obstructs progress toward disarmament and significantly increases the risks of a nuclear catastrophe.

Without the treaty, the nuclear-armed countries’ dangerous arms race has no end in sight.

How does the treaty work?

1. The TPNW fills the legal gap in international humanitarian law.

All other weapons of mass destruction, including biological and chemical weapons, cluster munitions, and landmines, have been sharply curtailed following a categorical ban introduced by the international community. Unlike the Non-Proliferation Treaty, the TPNW prohibits the possession of nuclear weapons and applies a universal standard to all countries.

2. The TPNW creates international norms that delegitimize nuclear weapons.

A comprehensive prohibition against nuclear weapons stigmatizes nuclear weapons as weapons of mass destruction that are inconceivable as tools of “security.” Once the norm against nuclear weapons becomes universalized, the TPNW will renew pressure on nuclear-armed countries by underscoring their existing disarmament obligations under the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

What’s included in the treaty?

  • Comprehensively bans nuclear weapons and related activities.
  • Bans any assistance with prohibited acts.
  • Creates a path for nuclear-armed countries to join the treaty and eliminate their weapons.
  • Creates verification mechanisms to ensure countries comply with the treaty. The treaty requires that the destruction of nuclear weapons and programs is verifiable, time-bound, transparent, and irreversible.
  • Requires victim and international assistance and environmental remediation.

How might the TPNW influence the nuclear-armed countries?

Read PSR’s publication, Convincing Nuclear-armed Countries to Take the Path to Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, by Jeremy Cotton.

Current Status

On October 24, 2020, Honduras was the 50th nation to ratify the TPNW, triggering Entry Into Force on January 22, 2021.

No First Use of Nuclear Weapons

No First Use of Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear weapons pose one of the greatest threats to human health and survival, and preventing their use is critical. Under no circumstances should the United States start a nuclear war. On January 30, 2019, Representative Adam Smith (D-WA), Chair of the House Armed Services Committee, and Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, introduced the “No First Use Act” in the House (H.R. 921) and Senate (S. 272). No first use (NFU) refers to a pledge or a policy by a nuclear-armed country not to use nuclear weapons as a means of war except in response to a nuclear attack.

Here are several resources on No First Use, and ways to take action.

Full bill text for S. 272 and H.R. 921

NFU Fact Sheet

NFU Talking Points

Spring Cleaning Lobby Week

PSR statement on introduction of legislation

Sample op-eds and LTE’s:

A Modest Proposal: Don’t Start a Nuclear War by Olivia Alperstein, Common Dreams

Nuclear Disarmament & Public Health

Nuclear Disarmament & Public Health

The Health and Humanitarian Case for Nuclear Disarmament

Physicians and health professionals are leaders in advocating for public health solutions to growing nuclear weapons dangers in our world today. A medical response to a nuclear attack would be inadequate—any use of nuclear weapons would have devastating health, humanitarian and environmental consequences.

Prevention is the Only Cure

Physicians and health professionals warn that a meaningful medical response to any use of nuclear weapons would be impossible. We can’t prepare for nuclear war, we must prevent it.

A nuclear attack on any city would destroy hospitals and clinics, kill the vast majority of health professionals, wipe out medical supplies, and paralyze communication and transportation systems.

International health federations, including the World Medical Association, International Federation of the Red Cross, International Council of Nurses, and World Federation of Public Health Associations, have officially endorsed the Nuclear Weapons Ban Treaty on the basis that a meaningful medical response to any use of nuclear weapons would be impossible.

Regional Nuclear War, Global Health Impacts

Nuclear war is ecocidal.

Scientific studies demonstrate that a regional nuclear war would have planetary impacts on the climate and global health. PSR’s report, Nuclear Famine: 2 Billion at Risk?, offers scientific data on the climatic impacts of a regional nuclear war armed with less than one percent of the global nuclear stockpile.

Scientific modeling demonstrates that such a regional nuclear war armed with 100 Hiroshima-sized nuclear bombs would loft enough soot into the atmosphere to dramatically disrupt the climate and have long-term impacts on worldwide agricultural production. The resulting global famine would put 2 billion people at risk of starvation.

Beyond the Blast

Nuclear weapons inflict devastating health harms to civilians even before a bomb is dropped.

Nuclear weapons activities, including their use, production, testing, and waste storage, release ionizing radiation. In addition to the wartime citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, workers, veterans, and civilians living near nuclear weapons sites have been exposed to radiation and suffer acute and long-term illnesses. These illnesses are often lethal and have inter-generational health effects.

Illnesses from radiation exposure from nuclear weapons activities include:

  • Leukemia
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Stomach, colon, lung, breast, and thyroid cancers
  • Cataracts
  • Birth defects
  • Infertility
  • Chromosomal aberrations
  • Hemorrhaging
  • Infections

Nuclear Weapons Abolition

Nuclear Weapons Abolition

PSR’s Nuclear Weapons Abolition Program amplifies the health professional voice to increase and broaden grassroots support for nuclear weapons abolition and to cultivate legislative initiatives to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons.

Long Term Goals

  1. Growing the Grassroots: Increasing popular support for key policy changes that will reduce the nuclear weapons threat and expanding PSR’s work with other justice movements—such as workers’ rights, environmental justice and voting rights.
  2. Amplifying the Health Voice: Recruiting prominent health voices to speak out on nuclear weapons dangers  and the urgent need to take steps toward abolition.
  3. Congress and Candidates: Cultivating champions in Congress for legislative action that will lead to the abolition of nuclear weapons.

Latest News & Actions: The latest action alerts and campaign updates on our Nuclear Weapons Abolition program.

Resources: Fact sheets, reports, and background info on nuclear weapons issues.

No First Use: Resources and information on the No First Use policy.

Nuclear Disarmament & Public Health: The health and humanitarian case for nuclear disarmament.

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons: Ban, stigmatize and eliminate nuclear weapons.

U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy: Halting destabilizing nuclear weapons policies.

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A World Free From Nuclear Weapons

A World Free From Nuclear Weapons

Campaign Priorities

In the Trump era, the threat of nuclear war is the highest it’s been in decades. The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists has moved its famed Doomsday Clock from three minutes to two minutes to midnight since Trump took office, midnight representing nuclear catastrophe. They cited President Trump’s reckless and ignorant comments on nuclear weapons as one of the main reasons for the change, and rightly so. Trump has asked “if we have nuclear weapons, why can’t we use them?” He’s called for greatly expanding our nuclear arsenal, and when questioned on the dangers of that proposal, he said “let it be an arms race.”

No Red Button

No one should have the power to unilaterally start a nuclear war, but Trump’s finger on the proverbial red button makes the need to change our nuclear command and control structure all the more urgent. As it stands, president Trump could launch a nuclear first strike unilaterally, with zero input from Congress. That’s why we’re working to build support for legislation from Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) and Representative Ted Lieu (D-CA) that would require a declaration of war from Congress in order for the president to launch a nuclear first strike. You can click here to take action now by urging your members of Congress to support this important legislation.

We’re also advocating for the U.S. to take our nuclear weapons off of hair-trigger alert, a status that allows for their launch within a matter of minutes. Keeping our nuclear weapons on hair-trigger alert increases the risk of accidental nuclear war. Since nuclear weapons were created, multiple close calls have occurred, for example when a flock of Canadian geese was once misinterpreted as an incoming Soviet nuclear bomber attack.

Stop a New Nuclear Arms Race

We’re working to stem the expansion of our nuclear arsenal that began under President Obama, but is escalating under Trump. This so-called “modernization” program is really a euphemism for rebuilding our nuclear arsenal from head to toe, at an estimated cost of $1.7 trillion (that’s $1,700,000,000,000) over the next three decades. Not only can our nation not afford this absurd price tag, this escalation is also contributing to a new nuclear arms race between virtually all the nuclear weapons states, but particularly the U.S. and Russia, making the whole world less safe.

To address this threat, we’re working to raise public and congressional opposition to this ill-advised escalation, and working to cut funding for the most destabilizing aspects of the expansion. In that vein, we’re supporting legislation known as the SANE Act, introduced by Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) and Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) and named after Peace Action’s earlier name, the Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy, which would cut a modest but critical $100 billion from this nuclear weapons spending spree over the next ten years.

Protect and Promote Nuclear Diplomacy

From the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty to the New Start Treaty to the Iran nuclear agreement and others, we’re working to ensure that the U.S. lives up to its commitments under treaties and agreements we’ve already signed onto.

We’re also encouraging the U.S. to participate in further nuclear diplomacy with Russia and other nuclear-armed nations to accelerate the reduction of the world’s nuclear arsenals and take steps to decrease the threat of nuclear war. Unfortunately, the U.S. and other nuclear-armed states boycotted the successful United Nations effort to negotiate a treaty banning nuclear weapons, but that didn’t stop Peace Action, and 122 of the world’s nations, from supporting and passing it through the U.N. General Assembly.

In the current geopolitical climate, one of the most pressing issues in need of nuclear diplomacy is the growing threat of war with North Korea. The U.S. must drop its preconditions and come to the table to see if we can first negotiate a freeze on North Korea’s nuclear weapons development.

Related Resources

Fact Sheet: Restricting the First Use of Nuclear Weapons

Take action on these issues today

Take action on these issues today

Accidents, Errors, and Explosions

Accidents, Errors, and Explosions

Nuclear bombs are the most dangerous objects in the world. But in spite of precautions, nuclear bombs have been accidentally dropped from airplanes, they’ve melted in storage unit fires, and some have simply gone missing.

Click through for a complete timeline of things that went wrong and other nuclear close calls.

Accidents errors and explosions

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